The Role of the Media in the Violation of Children’s Rights

â€Å"Children have the right to reliable information from the media †¦.. [which]†¦.. should not promote materials that could harm [them]. † (UNICEF, 1991). There is hardly any restriction placed on the dreadful things that the media has to offer and so children these days have easy access to all that they should not be seeing or hearing in the media. This simply means that the media are not playing their role where protecting children is concerned. In today’s society where the mass media convey all form of negativity whether on the television, internet, videogames or even the radio, members of society need to become aware of what the younger generation are being influenced by so that values that are taught are not lost easily. The media violate the rights of a child by exposing them to crime and violence, giving them access to sexually explicit content and by creating a false sense of reality in which they believe almost everything they see. The media expose children to crime and violence on a daily basis. This is so because everyday at least child watch the television, listen to the radio, play video games or surf the internet. Huesman (1986) as cited in Kundanis (2003) is of the view that children with poor academic skills are more aggressive and are the ones who watch more violence on the television. It is believed that violence in the media leads to aggressive behaviour. (Abel, 2005, Huesmann, 1986 as cited in Kundanis, 2003 & Johnson, 1998). All of these authors believe that if children are exposed to violence in the media it will have a negative impact on them in which they will become aggressive. Children who behave aggressively tend to carry this behaviour with them to adulthood and sometimes cause damage to those around them. According to Johnson (1998), children act out what they see in the television. Most of the things that children act out are the negativities. These include smoking, killing, fighting and killing just to name a few. According to Johnson (1998) many believe that the parents are the ones to be blamed for children being exposed to crime and violence in the media. However parents can do so much and no more to put a stop to that. This is because, not all the time will they be around to monitor their children’s watching habits, the type of music they listen or the websites they visit. It is agreed that the can play a part in limiting it but not to the full extent. It is the media’s responsibility to protect children from materials that could harm them (UNICEF, 1991), however they are not playing their part and so children are at risk. Children need to be protected against anything that will in anyway seize their ability to grow up with the necessary morals and values. Being exposed to pornography will in some way hinder that. Based on a research done by Ybarra and Mitchell (2005) 90% of the children between the ages of 12 and 18 have access to the internet. The more access a child has to the internet, the more exposed he or she is to the internet. Once the internet connection is there, sexually explicit contents are just a click away. Most times when children are surfing the net a pop-up screen window appears telling them that they have won the lottery or sometimes it is in the form of something very attractive. This is to persuade them so that they will be curious about what is happening on their screen. While some will ignore it, there are others who will venture further into it not knowing what they are getting themselves into. Most of these things lead to pornographic contents. Children are unintentionally being exposed to sexual contents in the media (Ybarra & Mitchell, 2005). Most children log on to the internet with no intention of viewing porn however ends up doing just that. The media continues to exploit children’s rights by exposing them to pornography on the internet, in films and televised programmes (Media Code of Conduct, 2005). Even though the media commit themselves to ensuring that they do not violate children’s rights they are failing in the process. Children believe what they see on the media, whether it be true or false. This is because the media produces many things that appear to be real. Children look to certain television characters as their role model, whether they star in a movie, a television show or something of the sort. However, what they fail to realise is that most of the time what their role models are portraying is not necessarily a good thing. To children what is seen on the television is a representation of reality (Baran, McIntyre & Meyer, 1984). Therefore actions like smoking are acceptable and the amount they see on the television is normal because television is reality. According to Berger (2008) seeing is believing, so what a person believe is tied to what they have seen. Therefore when a child sees something he or she is confident that it exists. Seeing enables them to ascertain with their own eyes that it is in fact the truth. Even though the Media Code of Conduct states that they commit themselves to ensuring that the media does not violate the rights of a child, very little is done to prevent that. This is so because children are still being exposed to all the negativities that the media offers. Greater emphasis needs to be placed on protecting children from the dangers that are present in the media. This will enable every child to live a healthy lifestyle which they truly deserve. It is in fact the media’s role to fulfil their promise of protecting children from the harm and dangers that they offer.

Sygate Technologies Inc.

Sygate2. Headquarters overhead cost allocation at Korea auto insurance Tasks: a) What would be the net income of the Taejon branch as of 2007 and 2008 if the headquarters' overhead costs were allocated by the current method? Calculate the amounts of revenue, and direct and indirect costs of the Taejon branch for these two years. b) The current overhead cost driver, branch revenues, is criticized because it lacks any logical relationship to the overhead costs allocated by headquarters. Choose more appropriate cost drivers for the 17 overhead costs listed in the case Exhibit 3.You may refer to descriptions of the 17 overhead costs incurred by the five teams at the headquarters. c) Using your cost drivers from (2) above, compute the net income of the Taejon branch as of 2007 and 2008. Compare your answer to the amount from (1). Do you agree that Kim's performance in 2008 would now be evaluated more properly? Why or why not? d) Which cost drivers make the biggest differences between the net incomes of? Do these cost drivers have anything to do with Kim's effort in 2008? e) The ABC method matches specific reasonable cost drivers with corresponding overhead costs.Discuss why the ABC method would reward a manager with higher motivation in a competitive market. Also, discuss the shortcomings of the ABC method at the level of the entire organization. 3. Dakota Office products Tasks: a) Why was Dakota's existing pricing system inadequate for its current operating environment? b) Develop an activity-based cost system for Dakota based on year 2000 data. Calculate the activity cost-driver rate for each activity in 2000. c) Using your answers in b), calculate the profitability of Customer A and Customer B. d) What explains any difference in profitability between the two customers? ) What are the limitations, if any, to the estimates of the profitability of the two customers? f) Is there any additional information you would like to explain the relative profitability of the tw o customers? g) Assume that Dakota applies the analysis done in question c) to its entire customer base. How could such information help the Dakota managers increase company profits? h) Suppose that a major customer switched from placing all its orders manually to placing all its orders over the internet site. How should this affect the activity cost driver rates calculated in question b)? How would the switch affect Dakota's profitability?

Ethics, Consumerism and Social Responsibility Essay

Ethics, Consumerism and Social Responsibility - Essay Example British petroleum is the largest oil company in the world on the basis of market capitalization and proven reserves. It was established in 1908 with oil found in the rugged Persian Gulf after a long and difficult such. Since then, it has transformed from a local oil company to a global energy group, which focuses on various forms of energy. Their businesses include exploration of oil, production, refinery and marketing chemicals. It is the largest energy producing companies in the world that provide fuel for transportation and manufacturing. It extends its services to marketing of petroleum chemicals with a growing presence in gas and solar energy. Due to the nature of its major product, oil, the company is mostly linked to ethical issues such as environmental challenges on a global scale. However, in recent years, the British petroleum company has embarked on reviewing its ethical issues both to its employees and the public. This move is aimed at improving public confidence and prof it maximization for the company. Ethical business practice This is the use of business policies properly in regard to controversial related issues like corporate governance, corporate social responsibility (CSR), bribery, insider training and discrimination (Terry 2011). It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of a particular individual and the entire organization. The work of business ethics is to implicitly regulate areas and details of behavior that lie beyond government control. Therefore, business ethics ensures good moral business practices in the society hence creating conducive environment for competitors, consumers, suppliers, the government and all other stakeholders in the business. Ethical theories Business ethical theories and principles are the foundations of ethical analysis of the business because they are the viewpoints of the society to the business. Through this analysis, the guidance on the ethical performance of the business can be found. These theories include utilitarian approach, rights ethical approach, justice approach, the common good approach and the virtue approach (Leonard, 2011). Utilitarian approach This is the oldest business ethics theory propagated by philosophers like Jeremy, Bentham, James Mill and Mill’s son John Stuart Mill (John 2002). This approach focuses on using ethical actions that would promote values among the societies while limiting the amount of harm as possible. It therefore incorporates the maximum number of stakeholders for it to succeed. In the recent past, the British petroleum company has not been able to limit the amount of harm caused by the company’s operations. Accidents due to human error and mechanical failures have been blamed on various occasions. For example, explosions in Texas in 2005 that killed workers; also oil spill in Alaska in 2006, which over 250000 gallons of oil spilled through,

Child Obesity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Child Obesity - Research Paper Example In 2008, 35% people believed that obesity in children was a huge problem, while in 2009, that number increased to 45%. Childhood Obesity is a medical state that affects young children as well as adolescents. It is such a serious condition that some countries have declared it an epidemic that needs to be dealt with. Obesity in childhood is determined by age, weight and height; it occurs when a child’s weight is way above what is required for his/her height and age (Paxton, 2006). Obesity is a serious medical condition because it is a risk factor to many other conditions that were once only found in adults, For instance, increased blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol and diabetes. Other than these risks, obese children are more likely to have low self esteem that may lead to depression. Childhood obesity is preventable; the most recommended strategies are to improve diet by decreasing the intake of energy-dense foods that have high content of sugars and fat and increasing intake in minerals, vitamins and other micronutrients that are healthy. Obese children are likely to continue with the condition in adulthood and may lead to early death. Preventing obesity in childhood ensures better and quality health even in the future (Paxton, 2006). Obesity is a global problem and has posed a great public health challenge. It affects both the low and high income earners especially in urban settings. The prevalence of obesity is steady and increasing at a rate that has stunned health officials. Global statistics by the World Health Organization indicate that in 2010 over 42 million children below the age of five are overweight. A significant number of these children (about 35 million) live in the developing countries (Holecko, 2011). These statistics are alarming considering the risks associated with obesity. Obesity has been prioritized by many governments because of its risks and the fact that it is preventable. A recent study on childhood obesity found in Arc hives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine finds that 1 in every 5 children in preschool is obese with a BMI of 18 or more. The study also focused on the racial factor. Of the 8000 children included obese children were found in the following percentiles in the study 13% were Asian 16% were white,21 % were black,22% were Hispanic and 31% were American Indians(Holecko,2011). Physiologists have continued to research childhood obesity and have come up with a lot about its pathology. The prenatal stage marks the beginning of life and has an influence on obesity predisposition. If the fetus is exposed to some hormones in the womb, then it becomes predisposed to obesity. For instance, Neuropeptide Y is a hormone that controls gluttony. The diet of a pregnant woman also influences obesity in children. A mother who ate a diet low in saturated fats and rich in protein significantly improves the lipid profile of their baby. A baby whose mother was undernourished in pregnancy is at a risk of ob esity (James et al., 2004). Some children have a sedentary lifestyle, and this directly relates to obesity. Children are using their leisure activities on the computer and watching television. Lack of exercise means that, they cannot maintain the required body weight (Jimerson, 2009). Some curriculums have removed physical education from their programs, thereby denying children their primary source of physical exercise. Children develop habits between the age of

Establish an International Business in Frontier Market Research Paper

Establish an International Business in Frontier Market - Research Paper Example As it is, the value chain extends from the coffee growers at the extensive large scale farm and small scale farms, to the factory for drying and husking and to the millers who take over the grinding process. The unpacked coffee goes through the sorting process at the millers that is supervised by the coffee board of Kenya for quality and grading purposes. Marketing agents then take over the sales process. This is the likely scenario where the company can come in. The selling is done through either direct sale by highly unregulated but established and networked brokers who then sell the coffee to the overseas buyers or through auctions at the Nairobi Coffee Exchange that are well regulated by the Kenya Coffee Traders Association. Coffee exporters in Kenya opt for the auction procedure because of its associated transparency in pricing. The company would also pursue this option as it seeks to break into the coffee export business in Kenya. Global coffee consumption is on the rise thus boosting demand. Global demand has also been increased by other increasing uses of coffee especially in the medical field that were previously unknown. The increasing global demand of the product provides an international business opportunity for the company. Kenya is one of the fastest growing economies in Africa. Its strategic geographical location makes it a suitable location for conducting an export business. The country also has a relatively calm political environment compared to other frontier markets in Africa. Turbulence was experienced in the 2007 elections but a new constitution dispensation and the increased democratic space has seen the country claim the bragging rights as one of the most mature democracies in Africa. The prevailing stable political environment creates a favorable investment climate for international investors (Hill 214). As the

Health Care Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Care Finance - Essay Example This act aims at punishing all those who: give false certifications or false information, pretend to be in need of medical necessity or self referrals which allow a physician to gain money through referring a patient to a facility in which he has a monetary interest. All matters like these are presented to the False Claims Act who intervenes through several ways: acting as a plaintiff, allowing the realtor to prosecute on behalf of the US government or dismissing the complaint if it is against government policy. An instance like this date back to 1998 when the Assistant Secretary of Legislation was asked to review the healthcare department as incorrect billing had led to a loss of $6 billion. (Morris) Instances like these can also be presented and placed under the False Claims Act. In 2005 the dramatic deficits made by the government forced the Deficit Reduction Act to allow the Congress to decide that the Centers of Medicaid and its services(CMS) were to establish the Medicaid Integrity Plan. This plan was created to suit two purposes: to use contractors who would identify overpayments and audit claims and to provide support to combat fraud and abuse (HHS.gov). The most efficient manner for eradicating frauds is to deploy precautionary measures to avoid even its initiation.

Business Creation and Growth Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Business Creation and Growth - Coursework Example This essay â€Å"Business Creation and Growth† highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the program that is introduced and developed for assisting the entrepreneur in starting up the business and conducting of the market research. It covers various areas which include the operation, human resources, operation, finance, marketing and organization. The process and the application of Sim venture are very simple and easy to implement as well as manipulate. Therefore it is required to be applied tactically for various purposes. The Sim venture game has been introduced with the purpose of allowing the user to run the enterprise for the period of maximum 3 years. Sim venture game assists the entrepreneur in successfully expanding its business. Sim venture performs the role or the function of a business adviser in which it allows the entrepreneur to carry out its business successfully and enhance his knowledge as well as decision making skills. Sim venture is a very well known b usiness simulation game that is introduced and developed for assisting and supporting the entrepreneur for the growth and expansion of the business. This game has been introduced for developing the entrepreneurial skill. It provides an opportunity to the entrepreneur in facing the complex business environment and competing with the demands in the market. The various areas of the business that is associated with sales and marketing, finance, organization and operation has its implication in the business programme.

Critical thinking skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical thinking skills - Essay Example Thanks to the maternal grandparents who have willingly expressed a compassionate desire by giving their daughter a green light to move in but unfortunately the young mother turned it down. Many infants are born prematurely however like any other preterm this patient requires a lot of care. He is currently diagnosed with Broncho pulmonary dysplasia, has a problem with desaturation when removed entirely from oxygen. Has got brief apneic spells that are being managed with oral caffeine citrate hence require oxygen therapy and apnea monitoring at home and definitely this is not possible without proper empowerment of the mother and proper financial and legal support from the community resources. The infant patient experienced a grade 2 intraventricular hemorrhage during the time on the ventilator which could have hampered her mental development, has a head lag however this can’t take off the fact our optimism as there is a lot of hope and confidence in him considering he smiles freely in response to others and is able is able to follow objects with his eyes when sitting in an infant seat. Indeed with a much of conscience, confidence, compassion, commitment and competence the kid will make it. The community resources recommended for the proper growth of the kid includes; Proper empowerment of the mother and everyone around the infant patient, legal help in order to ensure that the father is taking up responsibility of taking care of the infant patient,and Support services in terms of hospitalization and regular checkup as he is a special child and so does he deserve special attention. Proper empowerment of the mother and everyone around the infant patient is one of the most important aspects of community resource in the form of counseling of the parents. It helps the mother to understand the significance of adherence to drug prescription and follow up (Lipe & Beasley, 2004). The mother is also made

Protecting the natural environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Protecting the natural environment - Essay Example Catriona Mortimer aptly states that there should be a balance between Cronon’s wilderness-based environment view and Deluca’s human conservation-based environment concept. The key issue is whether to prioritize preserving or protecting the natural environment or filling the people’s need for wood, animal, and other natural environment needs. In Will Cronon's â€Å"The Trouble with Wilderness; or, Getting Back to the Wrong Nature," the author insists that ''only by exploring the middle ground will we learn ways of imaging a better world for all of us†¦ (85).† The quote clearly shows that environmentalism should include caring for both humans and nonhumans. Environmentalism should focus on helping both the poor and the rich, men and women, all individuals (without discrimination). The quote clearly shows that Cronon’s concern for the environment includes preserving the forests, plants, and animals. Further, Will Cronon insists that the natural en vironment includes the presence of freely roaming animals and abundant plant growth by indicating that the romantic legacy defines wilderness as a wonder topic (88). People should not abuse burning or cutting the forest in order to make homes or communities. The garden tree reminds the people that there are other trees living in the far distant natural forest environment. As proof, Cronon (73) insists that Edmund Burke, Immanuel Kant, William Gilpin postulated that sublime landscapes gives one more chances to have a personally commune with God. In addition, Will Cronon(85) emphasizes that humans should preserve the natural environment. Cronon insists without trees, people will no longer be able to have forest camping trips. Cronon defined people as having the selfish interest to destroy the natural environment. Cronon prefers that the forests and national parks should be preserved instead of hiring a jobless resident to cut down the trees. Cronon desires that it is preferable for th e jobless tree cutter resident to be jobless when compared to the cutting of trees. The jobless resident’s life is secondary when compared to the preservation of the natural forest and wildlife environment. In terms of survival, Will Cronon (85) puts the human needs behind the need to preserve our natural forest covers. Cronon (85) goes to state that cutting down trees is described as environmental abuse and irresponsibility. Norton further reiterates that people have a worst impression that people live the comforts of the urban industrial civilization and pretentiously create a beautiful image that the individual’s real home should be in the wilderness, working on a nine-to-five hectic job. Cronon (81) proposes that the defenders of biological diversity balance should appeal others to ensure the untouched virginal ecosystems should be retained at all costs. Consequently, people can retain the beauty and existence of the richest and most abundant animals and plants. Cr onon (69) insists that man’s last cure his too-muchness is the wilderness. The wilderness is an unexplored place where human touch has never infected (touched or encroached).Cronon further states that the wilderness will is the only antidote to the environment-debilitating human disease. Clearly, Cronon persuades that both people and the wilderness must live on equal terms, preserving the plants, animals, and humans. On the other hand, Kevin DeLuca's â€Å"A Wilderness Environmentalism Manifesto: Contesting the Infinite Self-Absorption of Humans† directly criticize Cronon's insistence that people should prioritize saving the forests, plants and animals. Kevin DeLuca opposes Cronon’s belief that the survival of the forest should higher than preservation of human life

Hiromi Goto and Natalka Husar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hiromi Goto and Natalka Husar - Essay Example Keiko, the mother, has rejected Japanese food (language and other cultural connections) in an attempt to assimilate her family after the trauma of the wartime internment. And the stories she tells are either about Japanese myths or about her own experiences. And they strengthen this connection; they make a sense of home inside of her no matter where she is. By trying to hold onto her past she attempts to overcome the loneliness she experiences bound to the chair in a foreign country. And finally, in Hiromi Goto's works, restaurants, grocery stores, and supermarkets also help to clarify issues of ethnic identity in the city or country landscape. In Chorus of Mushrooms, two scenes, one in a supermarket and one in a Japanese grocery store, help Murasaki to explore what it is to be Japanese-Canadian. In The Kappa Child, the protagonist is a collector of abandoned shopping carts; she meets the Kappa at a restaurant, and her eventual lover at a Korean market. The urban food locales thus become key moments in the exploration of female Japanese-Canadian identity that lies at the heart of the novel. These comments offer only a quick and partial glimpse into the ways in which community and urban/rural physical and cultural spaces are opened up for discussion by the use of food motifs in these literary works. Ethnic identity in these settings can be seen to be tied not only to what is eaten, but where it is eaten; that is, how the food locale connects to communal social and cultural spaces and the complex issues found there. On the other hand, Natalka Husar is someone very interesting. For Natalka Husar the engagement provokes ethnic anxiety (Fischer 1986), a prevailing condition of estrangement and conflict, as she struggles for recognitions and connections between the place of her parents' birth, as a memory of Ukraine that is not her own, and the place she now inhabits. Born in 1951 to parents who came to the United States in 1949 under the Displaced Persons' Act, Husar grew up in New Jersey before moving to Canada in 1973. In the series, Black Sea Blue (1992-1995), the effect of returning to Ukraine with her mother for the first time since 1969 leads to uneasy, discomforts places in relation to the designation "home." In Torn Heart (1994) a portrait of her mother juxtaposed with a Ukrainian aunt is unsettling for, except for outlines (the noses are the same), the yellow crooked teeth and crude make-up of her aunt speak of impossible differences between the land of riches (America) and the land of poverty (Ukraine). Husar reminds us that we never see our own faces, one of the most compelling signs of who we are as subjects except as they are reflected in a mirror, photograph or painting, or as they are metaphorically projected in the responses other people have to us and we to them. From the disparities of identification, communication and inheritance, a tension arises, in that the face that reflects her mother's features should be, but is not, a meaningful part of Husar's self-understanding. Sentimenta l deers peering out from the landscape behind are reminiscent of mediocre animal paintings (e.g. Karl Blechen's Forest Ravine with Red Deer, 1828), parodying the experience of the romantic hoping to reconnect with primordial ties. Referring specifically to the painting Pandora's Parcel to Ukraine (1993) Husar

Olpers Uht Milk Essay Example for Free

Olpers Uht Milk Essay First introducing about milk producing capacity in Pakistan. With an estimated 33 Billions Liters of annual milk production from 50 million animals managed by approximately 8 million farming households, according to latest statistics Pakistan is the 4th largest milk producing country in the world. It has a livestock and agriculture sector contributing over 10% to the GDP, and a milk economy that in value terms is 27. 7% of the total agriculture sector. It is an untapped market, expected to grow an additional 3 billion liters in the next few years at a growth rate faster than most sectors. Undeniably, a sector with such credentials can bring about not just a radical change but also a dairy revolution in the country. The annual milk production of 33. 6 billion liters in Pakistan is shared between a 71. 1% share for the rural economy and a much smaller urban share of 29%. Only 3% of the total production of milk is processed and marketed through formal channels. For the other 97%, a multi-layered distribution system of middlemen has evolved to supply milk. The contribution of the formal sector processed milk to real GDP in Pakistan is 0. 43% in 2004-05. Despite only a small percentage (3%) of milk being processed, the (UHT) market is growing at a steady rate of 20% a year. Presently 97% of raw milk produced in the rural economy is not linked to the market mechanism because of a number of reasons (defined ahead in this paper). Due to this reason, the dairy sector in the rural economy is not making a significant impact in the National economy in accordance with its potential and also with the quantity of milk, which is available. The White Revolution is targeted to achieve an annual production of 40 billion liters of milk by 2015; it aims to create an additional 3 million jobs in the formal economy and provide an estimated 350 million rupees per day in cash flow to farmers in the sector. The Dairy Vision till 2015 . Given success of the programs discussed in this paper, what might the dairy industry look like in the year 2015. The formal sector to be 40% of the total dairy industry. Low cost but good quality pasteurized milk to be available in cities and towns accounting for 70% of Pakistan’s population. Pakistan’s dairy industry meets the needs of consumers, thus minimizing imports. The range of goods offered to consumers is as wide as in say the markets of the Gulf. The well being of farmers throughout Pakistan is enhanced, and dairying is acknowledged to be a profitable enterprise. Dairying will have lifted millions of farmers above subsistence levels of activity. A thriving commercial dairy farming sector will be in place. Well-regarded Research Institutes will be active in their chosen fields, with a focus on meeting the needs of farmers. Quality of some sectors of the industry will be such that exports are viable. UHT milk was invented in the 1960s, and became generally available for consumption in the 1970s. UHT milk has a typical shelf life of six to nine months, until opened. It can be contrasted with HTST pasteurization (high temperature/short time), in which the milk is heated to 72 °C (161. 6 °F) for at least 15 seconds UHT MILK. UHT milk is a sanitary and veterinary controlled milk which is subjected to special thermal treatment (ultra-pasteurisation or Ultra High Temperature) which destroys germs and preserves vitamins and nutrients. In the absence of bacteria activity and with the pre-sterilisation of the packaging, the milk becomes less perishable: through ultra-pasteurisation, the validity period of milk is prolonged without adding preservatives. The temperatures lies beyond the boiling point (135 150 ° C) but the boiling time is very short: 2-4 seconds). This very short stage of heating and cooling destroys bacteria and microorganisms and ensures the preservation of vitamins and proteins, unlike the normal boiling of milk, which doesn’t destroy all germs and bacteria, instead destroying its nutritional value. The validity period varies between 3-6 months, depending on the quality of the raw milk collected from farms (deriving from hygiene during milking alongside handling and storing conditions until the moment of reception in the factory). After unsealing the box, UHT milk need to be kept refrigerated and consumed within the next 3 days. HISTORY OF UHT MILK The aseptic packaging implies that both packaging and filling environment be sterilised thus preventing any recontamination of the food after being â€Å"purified† through thermal treatment. Furthermore, if we talk about UHT milk, we must know that a multilayer cardboard packaging is used, which also contains an aluminum foil in the middle, captured between the inner layers of cardboard and polyethylene. The cardboard box protects the milk from contact with light and oxygen, two factors that contribute to vitamin degradation. Vitamin B2 in milk exposed to light for 12 hours for example in a transparent recipient, degrades up to 35%. Aseptic technology is based on the invention of the Swedish company Tetra Pak, which created the first aseptic packaging in 1961. This packaging allows storing milk or other perishable liquids for a period of 3 6 months, without adding preservatives or refrigerating the product. By forming a barrier and impeding oxygen from penetrating (the packaging consists of multiple cardboard, aluminum and polyethylene layers for the food industry) and using a special technique to sterilise the packaging, aseptic technology ensures the protection of food against environmental aggressions. The International Institute for Food Technologies declared the technology of aseptic processing to be â€Å"the most important innovation of the 20th century in the industry†. Tetra Pak packaging can consist only of the cardboard and polyethylene layer (both on the outside and on the inside), in which case it is used for pasteurised milk. For UHT milk another special packaging material is used, which contains aluminum foil in the middle. Thus the packaging maintains the contents and the milk properties intact for the whole validity period of the product, because it impedes germs and light from penetrating the package (it is a known fact that light diminishes nutritional value of milk) Louis Pasteur already carried out villagers and improve their socio-economic status by experiments on sterilization of milk in bottles, but it was utilizing the agricultural raw materials. The solution is to not until around 1960, when both aseptic processing and link of know edge, skills and investments into the villages, aseptic filling technologies became commercially not only keeping appropriate technology in subsistence available, that the modern development of UHT processes level, but giving new approach in substantial manner so started. UHT-treated milk and other UHT-treated liquid that large value addition even within the limited food products are now accepted worldwide, but it has not investment is affordable by them at villages themselves.always been like that. The first UHT plant operated on the Milk production began 6000 years ago or even principle of direct steam injection. Compared with the inearlier. Practically everywhere on earth, man started container sterilization plants, the new UHT plants soon domesticating animals. As a rule herbivorous animal, gained a reputation for producing an excellent flavour. multipurpose animals were chosen to satisfy his need The first indirect plant was introduced on the market some of milk, meat, clothing etc. Farmer produces the food ten years later. Research and development have been for all human being, however today his status is intense since UHT was first introduced. Modern plants weak. Milk production is the efficient crop to him deliver a superior product with colour and nutritional and will help to improve their income. It is possible values practically unchanged. ABOUT PAKISTAN In Pakistan, modern milk processing in the dairy sector started in early 1960s, and by mid-1970s 23 milk pasteurization and sterilization plants were set up. With one exception, all of them are closed due to low consumer acceptance, the short shelf-life of the product and lack of trained manpower. The first UHT plant was set up in Pakistan in 1977. The success of this plant attracted many other investors also and during 1983-87, 20 new plants were set up. In the current situation, UHT capacity in the dairy industry is more than the demand for the product. Existing plants are operating below capacity and growth in demand is not likely to keep pace with the demand for relatively high-priced UHT milk. Initial UHT milk processing Plant IN Pakistan| Plant| Start up| Installed Capacity (liters/day)| Milko, ltd. Lahore| 1977| 25,000| MilkPak limited, sheikhupura| 1981| 150,000| Pakistan Dairies, Sahiwal| 1983| 50,000|. Halla, Pattoki| 1984| 75,000| Chaudhry Dairies, Bhai Pheru| 1986| 80,000| Milkways, tandlianwala| 1987| 90,000(2)| | | | | Plant| Location| Manufacturer of| Year of Establishment| | Nestle Milkpak ltd | Sheikhupura| UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders, yogurt| 1981| | Nestle Milkpak ltd| Kabirwala| | UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders| 2005| | Haleeb Foods limited| Bhai Pheru| UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders, yogurt| 1986| | Haleeb Foods limited| R. Y. khan| UHT plane milk, UHT cream, Milk powders| 2005| | Nirala Dairy Pvt Ltd| Tandlianwala| UHT milk, UHT cream, Milk powders| 2004| | Premier dairy Pvt. Ltd. | Lahore| UHT plane milk, Milk powders| | | K K Dairy Pvt. Ltd| Lahore| UHT plane milk, Milk powders| 2005| | Shaker Gunj Foods ltd| | Jaranwala| UHT plane milk, UHT flavored milk, Milk powders| 2003| | Noon Pakistan| Bhalwal| UHT plane milk, UHT flavored milk, Milk powders| 2003| | Engro Foods Ltd| Sukkhar| UHT plane milk, UHT flavored milk, Milk powders| 2005| | Engro Foods Ltd| Sahiwal| UHT plane milk, Ice cream| 2007| | Royal dairy| Karachi| | UHT flavored milk| | | Millac Foods Pvt. Ltd. | Lahore| Milk powders| |. | Military Dairy| Okara| Milk powder and cheese| | | Prime dairy| Lahore| Yogurt| | | Butt dairy| Tandlianwala| Milk powder| | | Idara-e-Kissan| Pattoki| | Pasteurized milk and Milk powder| | | Gourmete| Lahore| Pasteurized milk and ice cream| | | Adam’s Dairy| Sahiwal| Cheese and whey powder| | | Alpha Dairy| Jhung| UHT plane milk, Milk powders| | PROCESSING TECHNIQUE OF UHT MILK ANGRO FOOD INDUSTRY Foods is among the biggest and fastest growing conglomerates in Pakistan with a vision to cater to local needs with products conforming to global standards. Highly passionate about providing millions of people across the length and breadth of Pakistan and beyond with the ultimate brand experience, our product portfolio comprises some of the countrys biggest and best selling brands including Olpers, Olpers Lite, Olfrute, Omore, Omung, Omung Lassi and Tarang. But whether it is our thick, creamy all-purpose milk, scrumptious ice-cream high on nutrition content or refreshing range of fruity beverages, our approach remains largely the same as we strive to keep product innovation at the forefront of our guiding philosophy and consumer satisfaction at the heart of our operational strategy. The word Engro stands for Energy for growth. Engro Corporation limited formerly known as engro chemical Pakistan limited is one of the largest corporation in Pakistan. Engro foods Limited is the subsidiary of Engro Corporation Limited and has started his operations in 2006 (Our Company, 2013). Engro Corporation has chosen the dairy market as their next target to capture. Engro foods are the biggest competitor for the contemporary organization in the dairy industry like Nestle, Haleeb, Good Milk, and Nurpur. Engro foods are coming up with the quality and reliable product and launch multiple products like Ice cream, Milk powders, Fruit juices, and Flavored Milk. 1. 2 Olper’s Milk Olper’s Milk is the brand of Engro Corporation Limited started in 2006, which is providing Milk to the customer in Pakistan. Olper’s Milk is getting more and more reputation every day in the dairy market as Olper’s is providing quality milk and cream to the market. Olper’s Milk is highly Ultra heated milk to preserve the thickness of the milk. Olper’s Milk is the major competitor for the existing organizations in the dairy milk industry. Olper’s Milk has achieved a strong consumer base due to his good quality product all across Pakistan. Olper’s Milk is available in different packs of different weight which is Stock keeping unit (SKU), of 200 ml, 500 ml, 1000 ml, and 1500 ml value packs. In Pakistan Milk contribute 11% to the GDP, and 35 million people are involved in dairy farming (Jassar Farms (Pvt) Limited, 2013). Olpers has secured 51% Market Share in year 2012 (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Engro Foods which has captured 51% market share in the 4th quarter of 2012 is the giant foods service provider in the food and beverages industry of Pakistan. Engro food is the subsidiary of Engro Corporation Ltd. started his operations in 2006. Engro foods are competing with giant companies currently in the food industry and the growth rate indicates that engro foods are big threat for these companies. Over 5 million people in Pakistan are using engro foods products, and over 50 million people start their day with Olpers Milk. Engro foods have two milk processing plant located in Sukkar, and Sahiwal. Engro have one dairy farm in sukkar named NARA dairy farm, which is producing 25,285 liters per day, and a total herd size of 3,444 animals of which 1,707 is part of the milk cycle. Engro foods have over 350 distributors across the country which is covering 12 regions. Olpers have three distribution centers in Islamabad, Sukkar, and Sahiwal. Engro foods have consumer centric marketing strategy for their brands which made engro a giant in the food and beverage industry. 250 ml serving of Tetra pack Calories| 159| Sodium| 0 mg| Total Fat| 0 g| Potassium| 0 mg| Saturated| 0 g| Total Carbs| 12 g| Polyunsaturated| 0 g| Dietary Fiber| 0 g| Monounsaturated| 0 g| Sugars| 0 g| Trans| 0 g| Protein| 8 g| Cholesterol| 0 mg| | | Vitamin A| 0%| Calcium| 22%| Vitamin C| 0%| Iron| 0%| Operations Olper’s Milk is managing its operations in a way to maintain the freshness, quality, and thickness of the milk. Production is the main area responsible for making output of inputs being processed. The Production Manager is responsible for making sure that a needed and proper raw material is provided on timely basis, being processed effectively, and turned into finished goods. The production manager has to supervise all the production process and to make sure that the work is going smoothly and to make it more interesting for the staff. The production department has shift in-charge whenever he takes the control he has to review the ongoing production and what material is needed to order for successful completion of the output. They always communicate with the employees how to handle machinery, packaging material, and quality assurance. Marketing Sales Marketing is the major revenue producing area in any business to plan, price, promote, and distribute product to final consumer. Olpers Marketing includes Situational Analysis, Target Market, Objectives Goals, Marketing Strategies and the Marketing Mix, and Monitoring and Controlling. Due to good marketing strategies engro foods growth is 35% per year, and 181% growth in Earning per Share (EPS) per year, in 2012, (anwer, imran ;, 2013). Olpers have over 350 distributors which are serving 12 regions across Pakistan from the three distribution centers in Islamabad, Sahiwal, and Sukkar. Olpers supply chain has secured 24% growth in volume 5 | P a g e delivery of dairy and ice cream products in the year 2012 (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). General Administration Olper’s Top management is highly qualified, talented, experienced, and holds degrees in Business Administration from the reputed organization of Pakistan and USA. These managers know the importance of team work, commitment, coordination and support of different department to achieve a common goal of the company. In the year 2012, the Board of Director held 6 meeting to cover all the activities and new initiative to be taken in near future (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Human Resource Management. Engro foods have a well-established Human Resource department which support in the company’s growth. Olpers has an innovative, efficient, and talented workforce. Engro food’s HR is one of the best workforces in the country, which is because of its up to date HR Practices the most remarkable of which is recruitment, hiring, training development, performance appraisal. The performance appraisal system of Engro has been declared to be the best in industrial sector of Pakistan. Engro’s Human Resource department has a best leave system. The Human Resource department at Engro foods is doing succession planning and implementing other HR policies pertaining to motivation, retention, and training development of the employees. Engro foods have a best Compensation Administration in the industry, and providing competitive packages to their employees relatively higher than the competitors. Engro Human Resource offers 23 days holiday per to each employee. Engro Human Resources provides PERKS to the employees on top position in type of Car. Engro food has a proper reward system to stimulate performance and productivity of employees. Engro foods believe on equal employment opportunity, and have transparent, merit based performance management system, provide opportunity to employees to acquire knowledge for technical and managerial skills via class rooms, and on job training. Besides this engro provides an environment from all forms of discrimination, and harassment at workplace, provide flexible working arrangement for all, have good reward policies liking to performance (Booklet, 2012, p. 44). Technological Development Olpers has realized that for successful operations there must be an up to date technology to meet the challenges of the market and to compete in the industry. Technology can be a source of competitive advantage for the company. Olpers have latest and unique technology which has been using for pasteurizing, purifying, and preserving the milk. Olpers uses imported plants machinery for the milk processing. They have a proper system of transferring milk from one place to another which protects the milk from light, heat, and bacteria. The Research and development department of Olpers is very efficient and keep look on the new technologies being introducing in the market. Olpers has two processing plants and production farm (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Olpers plant is located at the distance of 8 kilometer from the National High way Sahiwal Bypass Pakpattan Road which covers an area of 33. 5 acres of land and its production range is 70 SKUs of dairy Olpers, Tarang, and Omore. Engro foods has made some changes in its North Plant which include Installation of a new AMF plant with a production capacity of 3000 liters per hour, Installation of two new A3 lines with a production capacity of 6000 liters per hour, Installation of a new SL-900 (Stick production line) with a production capacity of 720 liters per hour, Installation of two new Ecolean lines with a production capacity of 2250 liters per hour each (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). The Engro foods South plant is located at a distance of 1. 5 kilometer from Sukkar Barage, which has covers a 27 acres of land (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). Procurement Olpers has its own dairy farm located in Sukkar named NARA dairy farm, which covers 50 acres of land with an additional acreage available for further expansion, and currently have herd size of 3900 animals, which makes it the country’s largest dairy farm. (Khud Pakistan Annual Report 2012, 2012). The farm currently produces 25,285 liters per day with a total herd size of 3,444 animals of which 1,707 is part of the milking cycle (Recipes for Success, 3rd quarter, 2012). Olpers is also collecting milk from rural farmers and have suppliers who provide milk on timely basis to make it possible to offer quality milk to the market. Olpers is focusing more and more on quality of raw milk being collected and conducted a test to check the quality and freshness of raw milk after the test the milk is transferred to the plant for further processing. Internationally recognized test were been conducted to check the raw milk such as adulteration, Microbiological contamination, and adequacy of nutritional contents. The test being performed in the initial stage include testing smell, taste, color, temperature, clots boiling, fat test, and iodine value. Olpers has established strong relations with its suppliers, farmers, and machinery providers from abroad. Innovation New olpers milk (3d technology) Engro Foods’ flagship brand Olper’s unveiled new and innovative packaging formats using holographic technology to create a 3D simulation at a local shopping mall. The new packaging formats include a new format for the region that employs Ecolean technology for 250ml, and Tetra Edge for 1 liter pack. Ecolean also referred to as Olper’s Mini Jug is a specialized and convenient jug-shaped pouch that offers ease of pouring and handling the pack. It is an eco-friendly and biodegradable packaging with microwaveable capabilities. Tetra Edge, on the other hand, is a premium-packaging format with benefits of a tilted head and a heli cap, which controls milk spillage, increases the usability of the pack and keeps the milk smell-free. Both these are newest innovations in milk packaging, not just in Pakistan but worldwide. Olper’s is Engro Foods’ flagship dairy brand and has emerged as the leading dairy product in the market since its launch in 2006 after gaining preference over other established brands and securing a loyal consumer base all across Pakistan. Olper’s Milk is sheer indulgence in every sip and is backed by its high nutrition content and invigorating freshness that have become synonymous with the Olper’s brand. The new packagings were unveiled by Olper’s Brand Ambassador Marina Khan. Olper’s created a high definition, extremely intelligent holographic 3D content iGhost to create a jaw dropping virtual world to interact with audience and to take them on a journey which they have never seen or experienced before. iGhost is a technique which creates three-dimensional images. It involves the use of a laser, interference, diffraction, light intensity recording and suitable illumination of the recording. Future of olpers milk olumetric growth of 50% is expected in the dairy segment combined with Rs10 per litre price hike in Olpers and Tarang during April to June 2012,† estimates BMA Capital as detailed account will be released on a later date. Engro Foods became the leader in tetra pack milk market in 2010 and holds a 44% market share as of March 2012. The result is in line with market expectation as analysts estimated the local food giant to make around Rs1 billion. Sales revenue grew by 47% to Rs19,765 billion during the period review, says a notice sent to the Karachi Stock Exchange on Tuesday. The outgoing quarter witnessed addition Omung Lassi to its portfolio. The product is still in the introductory phase and yet to post any significant result. The growth curve is likely to continue upwards as it plans to introduce another 13 products in the near-term future, say analysts. Engro Foods earlier this year announced plans to invest Rs8. 7 billion in expansion this year. Of this Rs2 billion has been set aside for the powdered milk business, whereas the rest will be divided between cold chain infrastructure development, dairy capacity expansion and livestock acquisition. The ice cream segment’s contribution in revenue is also expected to increase to 9. 5% in the second quarter of 2012 from the preceding quarter’s 4. 2% owing largely to a seasonal uptrend in sales, according to BMA Capital. The stand out in the profit and loss statement was financial charges. Financial expenses – the cost of carrying a debt – declined by 10% indicating lower capital expenditure, which is concerning especially given the company’s aggressive expansion plans . Gross margins improved 3. 51 percentage points to 24. 5% thanks to higher prices for premium Olpers brandOther income increased by 294% to Rs172 million likely due to a better cash position. Meanwhile, financial charges decreased by 16% to Rs441 million during January to June 2012. Going forward, market share expansion in the company’s flagship brand Olpers is expected while Omung will likely eat into the loose milk market as well, according to analysts.

Willy Russell in his play Educating Rita Essay Example for Free

Willy Russell in his play Educating Rita Essay Educating Rita by Willy Russell explores the relationship between the two characters involved in the play, Frank and Rita over a time span, of several months. A variety of themes are explored as Rita, a working class Liverpudlian, aspires to a higher social and academic level so that she may have choices, with Frank, a disillusioned and failed poet as her teacher. As Rita progresses, Russell uses a range of dramatic techniques and tensions between the two characters to explore themes of the personal, class, relationships, gender, dependence, superiority and education. This produces an effective and dramatic piece with clear character and plot development. The play could be staged in a number of ways, and when considering how staging would best reflect the themes and passage of time, I must consider set, costume and lighting, as well as how each of the characters should play their part. The play focuses mainly on the relationship between Frank and Rita, and the structure shows a clear crossover within their respective roles. Frank is initially the dominant male with more knowledge and experience than Rita; he is the well-educated and confident lecturer to whom Rita comes to for help to become educated. By the end of the play the roles are reversed, with Rita as the dominant educated character, with every option available to her, whereas Frank, who has turned to drink, is barely able to hold down his job. Within this structure, the interaction between the characters explores the themes mentioned above, which have both significance for them, as well as for the audience who are able to identify with the issues discussed. The way that the characters change as the plot develops shows what effect their different experiences have upon them, and how they shape the people that they have become by the end of the play. By choosing two scenes from different points in the play we can see how themes generated in an early part of the play are later developed as the characters progress. I chose Act one, scene two to explore first, as it is after the two characters have already been established. Their behaviour reflects certain themes as the second scene begins. There is also a significant incident involving poetry Frank has written, which has a link  with the later scene I have chosen, truly reflecting how the two characters have changed. While the first scene establishes the main themes of education and aspiration on Ritas part, Scene two really begins to explore such themes as well as exploring others to a higher degree. The scene begins in Franks office, as always, with Frank waiting for Rita to arrive, (he) glances at his watch. He is interrupted by a noise at the door, which turns out to be Rita oiling his study door for him, as she has noticed that it needs it. The way in which she comments, knew you wouldnt get round to it establishes the theme of gender stereotypes running through some of the play, and conveys the idea to the audience of Ritas housewifely mentality and motherly instinct, with Franks stereotypical male nature of allowing her to do the work for him. As Rita then proceeds to look around Franks office, and he watches her, it is clear how he views her from how he watches Slightly amused which indicates that he is entertained by her, and clearly views her as naive and unsophisticated when compared to him. The way Frank responds to her influences how the audience would respond, as the majority watching a professional production of this play would probably identify with Frank rather than Rita. Assuming it is a professional production, the majority of the audience would be middle class. However, although at the start they may identify with Frank, Willy Russells intent as the two characters develop is to challenge the audiences attitudes towards each. The themes of gender and superiority are closely linked here, and run throughout this scene. Typically, Rita, a young and impressionable young women, and Frank, an older educated man with a greater social position, she is naturally inclined to look up to him. Even if they were both middle class and educated, Rita would still probably view him of the superior of the two, and this opinion is reinforced by the mention of Franks girlfriend, Julia. He says she admires him tremendously, and mentions how she cooks and, cares for him. Julia is an ex-student, yet both respond in the same way to Frank, trying in a sense to, mother him and he accepts this, both sexes following their  stereotypical roles. The way Rita sees him as superior in the same sense as Julia brings up the theme of gender conflict, alongside class and social status, and is another reason why Rita sees him as superior and above mundane tasks. After oiling the door, Ritas next action reinforces this relationship. She refuses to sit down in the chair with its back to the door conveys how unsophisticated and insecure she is. The way that Frank offers her his chair, but she refuses with her comment, Youre the teacher shows how she sees their separate roles, with him with a greater status, again introducing the theme of superiority. Rita even feels Franks taste is superior to hers, Thats cos youve got taste. Although Frank has not yet commented how he feels that he is superior to Rita in terms of both education and class, the way he responds to her clearly shows how he feels they are not on equal terms. The fact that Frank is amused by Rita wondering whether or not she has reformed him reflects this, and throughout the scene he uses education as a resource to demonstrate his superiority. Rita is often ignorant of the phrases or words that Frank uses, for example a certain patina and he often corrects her in terms of the words she uses, Foster for Forster. As well as demonstrating through her ignorance of language that she is not like other students, Rita makes it known to the audience that she is not ignorant enough to not realise it. She comments on, the proper students and although it could be taken in terms of her meaning the students who go to the university all the time, without other obligations, she knows that she is in a different situation (she comments in the first scene, Degrees for dishwashers) and is probably comparing herself and her knowledge to theirs. The audience draw comparisons between Rita and Frank in terms of their behaviour and knowledge, and as the scene progresses the audience are made more aware of the different upbringings they must have had. Just before this however, there is a section of the scene in which Russell uses the language of each character to demonstrate their different social status. Rita comments Readin and studyin just after her comments on proper students, and Frank responds with the same phrase, Reading and studying.  The fact that phrase is repeated by Frank in succession makes the audience properly aware of how differently they speak, and Ritas native Liverpool accent is made evident with this clear contrast to Franks more refined voice. The phrase Rita then uses, off me cake which Frank responds to by questioning its meaning, is done so in such a way as that the audience knows he is being sarcastic, yet Rita does not seems to realise immediately. However, when Frank uses the phrase in a sentence of his own, Rita realises how he is being sarcastic, itd sound dead affected again highlighting the difference between them herself. This interaction demonstrates the different upbringing and environment they have been exposed to, and Frank does not only use his gender and age to appear superior, but through sarcasm and superiority in his use of language demonstrates how he knows he is. The themes of social class and education occur once more in Ritas next few speeches. During them, the way she sharpens Franks pencils again reminds the audience of gender stereotyping, the automatic tidying up, or carrying out of tasks that he is perfectly capable of doing himself, as well as showing how she is uneasy. Rita then conveys the sort of education she must have had from the description of her school, and how she was not really allowed to educate herself, which Frank cannot fully understand as someone for whom education has obviously always been available. He does not understand why she could not be different from her friends, and through this we see the gulf between their two upbringings, highlighting the theme of social contrast. Frank then passes her his ashtray to sharpen pencils, but the way she ignores it indicates how preoccupied she is, and how she really does have something important to say. Her ensuing monologue shows how she feels she wants more, is this the absolute maximum I can expect from this livin lark. The activities she speaks of club to go to to distract herself seem so unlikely the activities that Frank would indulge in that it seems as if he must have his life sorted and she is the one floundering, with what she really wants beyond her grasp. Frank cannot resist one more piece of sarcasm at the end of her outburst, to reassert himself as superior, and her wants as pathetic and of no value, you managed to resist another new dress? But Rita again does not realise.  By the end of this section of the scene the audience know a lot more about Rita and her character. It is clear that at the start of her education she appears stereotypical in terms of her gender, but not in terms of who she is and what she aspires to be. This re- establishes the theme of aspiration already suggested as Rita claimed she wanted to learn, Everything. Her speech about knowing how there was always something tapping away in her head, knowing she might have got it wrong indicates prior conflict within herself, but the fact that she has now come to be educated shows how this conflict has been resolved, and education is the way she will be able to become the person she wants to be, and she sees Frank as an example of that person. The conflict will later extend from herself to the rest of her family, and as she becomes alienated from them. The second half of the scene reveals more about Franks feelings and character, not just concentrating on his surface sense of superiority. The next incident explores the theme of conflict between the personal and the impersonal. Frank informs her that to write a good essay she must learn the art of criticism, which is ironic, as ultimately she will learn to criticise, and Frank will be the object of it. The way Frank informs her that good criticism is never subjective, and is almost a science is reflected in Franks character. He does not wish to involve himself, he wishes to remain absolute from his own feelings. Here the theme of the personal is really introduced as the next part of the scene really shows how each character deals with personal early on in the play. Conflict is initiated as it appears Rita is quite intent on dealing with the personal, and Frank has never come across such a view, astounded The way Rita comments on Forster, Sitting up there in his ivory tower encourages the audience to draw parallels between him and Frank, who also wishes to distance himself from the world, using alcohol as his escapism, and is in a sense sitting in his own, tower. He wants no subjectivity or sentimentality, and this is shown in the way he interacts with Rita, using attempts to be witty and sarcasm to evade the personal, as can be observed later in the scene. Throughout the play both characters struggle with the personal, Rita attempting to become distant and Frank to be in touch with his feelings. Before moving onto Franks marriage we see an example of how Frank also follows his stereotype, returning to the theme of gender. He comments of Rita that she has an undisciplined mind, which men often seem to think that that women have, and that they are disorganised and, scatty in general. Rita ignores the comment and immediately moves back to the personal, are you married? Frank answers reluctantly, stalling the question, but Rita refuses to accept this, and continues pressing Frank for personal information. He is reluctant to deal with the personal side of life, however, and when explaining why he broke up with his wife, he uses a reason which he presumes to be clever and witty, but which actually just makes evident to the audience how he is distancing himself from the pain of the break up, and presuming he is above it all. We split up, Rita because of poetry The way in which Frank says she left him for the good of literature and how the result was that he stopped writing at all is a use of dramatic irony, which is lost on Rita, however, and is there for the audiences appreciation. Rita refuses to accept his explanation, however, and even Frank admits they perhaps people do not split up for that reason. The way that that is how he remembers it simply shows that is how it is constructed in his mind, and he has created the fantasy to remove feelings connected with the event. The most obvious contrast between Frank and Rita in his scene is the way they deal with feelings, with Frank refusing to have anything to do with things of a personal nature, and Rita connecting everything to its emotional impact. After dealing with themes largely of a personal and impersonal nature, Russell reverts to the theme of superiority with reference to education, as Rita wishes to look at Franks poetry, but he denies her access of grounds of not having the literary references. This has reference to the theme of the personal also, as Franks poems are clearly very personal to him and he does not wish to show his emotional side to anyone. We next see another side of Frank, however, as Rita praises him, youre great and he says how there is less of him than meets the eye. Through this comment we see how Frank sees himself as somewhat of a fraud, however, Rita does not get the deeper meaning of his reply, she simply admires the way he can construct a  phrase like that, and as often happens in this scene, the audience, understanding Frank, should have one level of meaning, while Rita has another. This also occurs later in the scene, when Frank comments that he would like to take Rita by the hand and, run out of this room forever. Rita thinks he is merely being sarcastic, yet the audience can see the deeper level of meaning in his words, in that he feels trapped and unhappy. Frank appears to Rita the epitome of successful. He is middle class and educated, what she is aspiring to, yet from his reluctance to deal with anything other than scientific or involving feelings the audience can see how he is dissatisfied and in denial over many aspects of his life. Rita does not see this yet however, she merely sees his status as a professor, his sarcasm and evasion as witty tools of a learned man, not yet suspecting that unhappiness is the cause. The end of the scene does revel Rita as different from the common throng however. The audience draw a parallel between a bird she describes, dead out of place our way and her, and by the end of the scene she has even begun to adapt Franks sarcastic tones, doing a parody of an academic question. The audience see that although she s totally different from Frank in terms of class, and education, their relationship has begun to develop over the bond they form. Frank sees in Rita something he has not seen in a student before, and Rita feels that Frank is the kind of tutor she needs. Earlier in the play she refused to accept another one. As the play progresses we see how the themes established early on in the play are developed by Russell through his two characters. They develop through the changes they undergo in their lives as well as the effect they have upon each other, and reflect the themes established at the beginning of the play. As Rita becomes more educated she fulfils her aspirations, leaving her hairdressers job to work in a Bistro and making a successful transaction to the middle classes, whereas Frank degenerates, more and more frequently turning to alcohol. The theme of dependence running throughout the play has begun by the second act to invert, in that whereas Rita was once dependant  on Frank for all her educational needs, the time she spends during the summer at a literacy camp symbolises how she no longer needs to rely on him as much. She has already learnt about the poet Blake, for example, that Frank was planning to teach her about specially. Frank becomes more dependant on her, and as she breaks away, losing her individuality, as he sees it, to become a proper student he regrets ever educating her, and in despair turns to alcohol. As soon as Rita begins to become properly educated the relationship between the two begins to break down, and although class and education are still the main themes, it is no longer the contrast between Frank and Rita in terms of these themes that is evident, but how Rita has risen more to the same social and educational stance. As well as education being an ongoing theme, which changes the outlook of both, contrasting class is also a theme that features largely until the end of the play. Conflict and class, as well as gender conflict are closely linked throughout. At the plays opening it is clear that Frank and Rita are from different social classes. The way Frank uses this to assert his superiority could cause conflict between the two, except for the fact that Rita has accepted she is initially different from Frank, and seems to see his status as a warrant for his behaviour. Rita is obviously eager to learn however, so Frank tries to be tolerant, and as she improves he begins to accept her as more of an equal to him so conflict between the two over class is more minimal than it could be. Within Ritas own circle however, the conflict is obviously rife. As Rita develops as a person, the conflict with her husband and family increases. Her husband even burns her books in protest over her trying to break away from what he feels she should accept as her station in life, He burnt all me books. As Rita becomes more educated, in order for it to have an effect she has to change herself, and a husband feels that she has in a sense betrayed him. Conflict connected with class also occurs later in Act One as Frank and Ritas friendship progresses. Frank invites Rita for dinner at his house, with her husband, Denny. As well as this causing conflict between the married couple, in that Denny refuses to come due to his antipathy to the course and those connected with it, he blames them from distancing him from  Rita, Rita suffers conflict within herself about attending, centred chiefly on the wine she brings. She knows it is the wrong sort after she has bought it, and although it might appear to be a superficial detail, to Rita it symbolizes how little she knows about this kind of society and how to behave in such situations. It demoralizes her and she wonders how she can ever leave her social status and rise to Franks. She decides to not return to the course, however, her mother changes her mind.. Her mother crying and saying there must be better songs to sing (Ritas family and friends had been singing in the pub) really symbolizes how there must be a better life to lead, which encourages Rita to try and aspire to that hope, and so she returns to the course. Rita also experiences much gender conflict within her family. From the first scene Rita mentions how she is expected, at the age of twenty-six to settle down and have a family. Yet she rebels against this idea, even secretly using contraception, and her refusal to accept what her husband sees as her role eventually leads to the breakdown of her marriage, which allows her to, find herself even further. However, as she does try to find herself, using other people to develop her personality, this causes ever-growing conflict between her and Frank, which reaches its climax towards the end of the play. Apart from Rita, Franks main conflict is involved with the university and students themselves, as he bitterly continues to drink with their disapproval. By Act two, scene five, very near the close of the play, we can clearly see how both characters have developed and how they now interact with each other. The first thing Rita says to Frank upon entering his room is, are you sober, are you? and the way in which a whisky bottle is placed in front of him indicates the extent of his dependency on the drink. Now he can no longer rely on Rita to give him hope and entertain him he has become even more dependant on the alcohol, which is plaguing his career. Frank, even now cannot resist a sarcastic comment, which Rita ignores and proceeds to tell Frank what she thinks of his poetry. The fact that Frank has given Rita his poetry to look at is a very  significant act, which shows real character development on both sides. Earlier in the play Frank denied Rita access to his poetry, on the grounds of her not understanding literary terms. The fact that he has given them to her, and has seriously asked her for a critical analysis shows how much she must have progressed in terms of her education. Whereas she was once ignorant in this area, Frank has now deemed her sufficiently able to comment on them, and regardless of his motive, we can see how her character has developed in order that she can appreciate such work. However, on another level, Frank giving Rita his poetry shows how he has developed as a person also. As well as indicating he no longer feels his skills are superior to hers, the emotional angle of his action indicates that he is no longer dealing with only the objective side of things. By giving Rita his poetry to look at, Frank is exposing his emotional side. His poetry is such a personal thing to him that it is the most significant thing he can do, to show how he is willing to expose his vulnerable side to her as opposed to other people. By asking for a critical assessment of a lesser known English poet Frank knows that what she says will ultimately depend upon the outcome of their relationship. The way Rita analyses the poems clearly shows how she has developed in terms of her education, the main theme running throughout the play. The language she uses, witty/profound to describe the poem is a complete development of the simple terms she used earlier in the play. The fact that she can understand Franks work as opposed to the poetry she used to enjoy, Its the sort of poetry you can understand shows how she has developed her literary knowledge. However the way she quotes her flatmate, Trish when commenting on the poetry, shows how from having Frank as her only mentor and teacher at the start of the play, she has now developed a critical style from others also. Rita herself admits how she would not have understood the poetry previously, and the way she is sure she can now see wit and classical allusion in it indicates that as her education has progressed she has adapted accepted educational views of such works. The audience are next reminded of the aspirational theme, as they can compare how Rita would have reacted then and now from Franks comments, You would  have thrown it across the room. The way Franks sarcasm still washes over Rita indicates how she can see nothing wrong with her situation. She comments that she can, see now shows how her opinions of herself and her life have changed, she is no longer so discontented, and she sees nothing wrong with the social standing she now has. Franks allusion to Frankenstein, however, shows he feels that what he has created is a terrible thing, that he has made Rita a monster and his assessment of his poetry gives a deeper insight into his feelings. Frank denounces his poetry as worthless talentless shit, simply posing as something witty and clever. His poetry is such a close and personal thing to him, however, that as he criticizes it he is really criticising himself. By trying to convey how pretentious and worthless his poetry really is, he is really trying to explain to Rita that that is how he feels about himself. Earlier in the play he commented that there was less to him than met the eye, and this speech shows how low he feels he has really sunk. He is trying to show Rita how what she has gained he feels is without meaning, that what she has aspired to is worthless in his eyes, and this display of emotion indicates how his emotions have developed so that he is now in touch with them. The way Frank responds to Ritas analysis shows that he really is no longer objective, but subjective, taking what she says not as an objective critical analysis but as an indication of who she has become. Whereas before he wanted mere objectivity and nothing dealing with the personal, now that Rita has that critical skill Franks response shows that he regrets what he has done as there are now none of her views stated when she gives an opinion. He liked Ritas novelty very much, yet her analysis shows it has been taken away, and she talks like any other student. Frank now wants her to be subjective again, another example of how their characters have reversed. That as they have developed, Rita has become the objective one, and Frank the subjective, desperate for some kind of Ritas sentimentality in her work. Frank then comments that he can no longer bear Ritas presence, and she responds in a way that shows the audience she now really is his equal. Whereas before, his word was the authority, Rita stands up to Frank and  provides an argument against his. In fact she is now the dominant character, and she makes reference to this, comparing their previous relationship to one of a farther and daughter, him teaching her as she gazes back in, wide eyed wonder. Rita is trying to show that she has lost her naivety, and he is no longer the dominant male, returning to the theme of gender stereotyping. They are now on equal terms. It is here we see where the conflict has really developed in their relationship, as Rita shows she has reached what she aspired to and Frank reduces its worth, so very very little. Frank feels that in becoming educated, Rita has lost all individuality and originality, whereas Rita feels satisfied with what she has achieved, and does not understand why he cannot accept th is. The theme of Education runs throughout the play. This aspect of life is traditionally thought to lift people out of one lifestyle and give them a range of options. Rita is developed through the theme of education to reflect how it can change your lifestyle. She comments that she now knows the right kind of wine to buy and the clothes to wear in terms of reflecting a middle class status. She has become a typical middle class women, and Frank hates himself for his part in it. At the beginning of the play Frank enjoyed lording over Rita to an extent and using his superiority to gain control of the situation. It might appear that he is simply annoyed that he has lost that hold over her, and can not reassert himself with her, so is trying to drag her down and not enable her to become superior to him. It is not that simple however. Throughout the play we have seen Frank and Ritas characters developing, and although it seems Frank has been trying to keep her from escaping, and he alone wants to shape her, as the play progresses, it becomes evident that he admires her uniqueness. As Frank watches her turn into just another student it enables him to see how her unique qualities are simply wasted, and what she ends up with, has nothing of her in it. Frank, who at the start of the play was already educated, shows how education can have a degenerative effect when that is really all you have, and he reflects this in his degenerative behaviour. Although he enjoyed the way he could use his knowledge and wit to distance himself from reality, the  arrival of Rita shakes up all of his preconceptions of students and life in general . Although she might think that he really did want her to remain ignorant for his own satisfaction, Frank has simply realised how education can make you pretentious and characterless, and that although Rita has want she wanted, he feels the person she has become in order to achieve it is of little value. The theme of education is developed from the first act, and whereas it first appears to be a good thing for both Rita and Frank, the way the characters develop to reflect what an effect it can have on people show that this is not a straightforward theme. There are clearly a number of themes involved within this play, and to best reflect them the staging of the play must be carefully considered. The two acts that I have analysed display the most contrast through the way in which as the characters have developed their views and how their roles have crossed over. As well as obvious changes in the characters costumes, I would use more subtle differences including changes in lighting and the way the characters react and speak, to reflect the changes they have undergone. Firstly, costume must be considered as the audience will take initial impressions from the way each character dresses, and the way they appear at the beginning of the play and at the end must reflected in their change of dress. Frank, at the start of the play, although he does indulge in alcohol is much more together then a t the end of the play. Therefore his dress should be fairly smart, indicating how he is both middle class and a lecturer. It should include a shirt and tie, with the shirt tucked in and tie tightly tied with his top button fastened. As the play progresses however Franks change in character could be shown through subtle changes in his dress. As his and Ritas relationship slowly begins to degenerate, his appearance should become untidier, beginning with him untucking his shirt, then undoing his top button and loosening his shirt collar. By Act two, scene five his tie should have disappeared altogether. Although this is not much of a change, a mans tie, at work, is often considered by others to be smart, and about taking a pride in his appearance. He degenerate appearance by the end of the play should reflect what has happen to Frank himself, in that he no longer cares about work and through alcohol abuse, he himself has  degenerated. Ritas dress however should become gradually more flamboyant. In Act One scene two, Rita is still uneducated and working class, with the restraints of her husband and family upon her. Her clothing should be conventional and very unexceptional, to reflect her position in life. However, as she learns, gradually her clothing should become different, more creative, as she becomes educated and more creative herself. In Act Two Scene five, when Rita feels that she has fulfilled her potential, and that she knows how to act and, what clothes to wear her dress sense should be a complete change, as she now sees herself as an educated woman. Both characters clothes need to reflect how the characters feel about themselves to reinforce how they develop. In my second scene, Rita should remain standing for the entirety of the scene, with Frank slumped in his chair. Rita should also wear heels. This clear difference in height between the two should clearly convey to the audience how Rita is now highe r than Frank in terms of life also. A subtle change would reinforce for the audience the changeover in their roles. The set itself, as Franks office, is another useful reflective tool in showing how Frank degenerates. In Act one, Scene two the office, although not pristine, with books and plants spread around, should have some kind of order to it. As Frank turns to alcohol the disintegration of him must be mirrored in the degeneration of his office. By Scene five in the second act there should be much more disorder, with what were once piles of books, books scattered across the floor, and higher piles of paper, which Frank has obviously not dealt with. Posters, which Frank should have on his wall at the beginning of the play, should begin to curl halfway though the play, and by scene five should have fallen completely and be lying on the floor. Also, whereas in the earlier scene the whisky bottle should be hidden behind books, indicating discretion on Franks part, as mentioned in the play, the bottle should now simply be on the desk showing how he feels there is no point hiding the fact any more. This reflects his feelings about Ritas transformation; it shows the despair he feels in that now she has conformed, Frank sees only despair. There should also be several empty bottles strewn around to emphasise Franks dependency on the alcohol. All this reflects  Franks degeneration. The way the room has gradually fallen apart is mirrored by what has happened to him. Lighting could be a very effective tool in these two scenes to emphasise the contrast between the mood of the play towards the beginning, and the scene, which reaches the climax of Frank and Ritas dispute. In the first scene, to reflect the mood of hope and what looks like an interesting opportunity for both characters, the lighting should be bright throughout, to reflect this feeling. The lighting can also be used effectively however, to focus the audiences attention on a particular character, and emphasise the importance of what they are saying. At the beginning of Act One, scene Two, there should simply be a bright yellow light enveloping the whole stage. However, as Frank begins to ask Rita questions about her life, and she begins to respond openly to him, the lights should fade out, except for a bright spotlight focused upon Ritas face. This should be done from Ritas line Like what youve got to be into and this will emphasise her speech to the audience, as their attention will be all focused upon her and they should listen closely to the deeper meaning o her words. As Frank makes his sarcastic comment about the dress, and the tension lifts the bright lights should fade back in, and remain for the rest f he scene. However, in my chosen scene for act two the lighting must be different to reflect the gloomy atmosphere and environment Frank is now subjecting himself too. The stage should be lit only by a bulb from a desk lamp, all light which would have previously come in through the window is now shut out, to make clear how Frank, in his depression, is trying to keep the world out. In this scene spotlights on characters should be used as tension increases between the two characters, as this is a pivotal scene, and emphasising each characters line(s) will heighten the tension for the audience. Lighting could also be used effectively to show characters responses to each other. For example in the first scene, during the use of spotlights, when Frank and Rita are having a serious discussion, Franks confusion over why Rita could not have had an education earlier in life could by emphasised by fading her spotlight out to highlight the confusion on his ace then fading it in again. During Act Two, Scene 5 this technique could be used again.  When Rita is commending Franks poetry, Why did you stop writing? her spotlight could fade out to show the despair on Franks face. This technique, if used effectively would be good at highlighting the characters responses to each other in the two different scenes. Most importantly, how the characters speak react and move on stage will convey their character to the audience, and the changes in their behaviour later in the play will show their new attitude towards each other. In my chosen first scene, the two most have totally different airs. Rita, although she appears confident when speaking to Frank at the beginning of the scene, conveys her agitation through the way in which she refuses to sit down, and instead wanders around Franks room. To emphasise her uncertainty she should make some unconscious hand motion, which would convey the audience the nervous tension she is feeling. As Frank watches her he should appear totally at ease in his chair, reclining slightly to emphasise how relaxed he is. The way that Rita talks should also be different from the way that Frank delivers his lines. Frank should reply almost instantly to Ritas comments, conveying to the audience that he is confident, and feels that he has no trouble dealing with someone of Ritas calibre, whereas Rita must deliver her lines with a vaguer more uncertain utterance, more as if she is thinking out loud then having a conversation. This will emphasise the point that Frank is a confident organised teacher dealing with life, whereas Rita is uncertain and trying to clarify what she wants to do. By Act Two, Scene Five, the two characters should move and talk completely differently, conveying their different positions. Rita, who now feels happy and confident about herself, should show this by how she walks into the room. Instead of wandering uncertainly, she should stride purposefully up to Franks desk, indicating she now knows exactly what she is doing and what to say to Frank. For example, Rita must speak with conviction during her defence of Franks poetry, Its not! (pretentious) When walking around the room Rita should walk as she should when entering the room, with her head held high and striding confidently. Frank, however, should be slumped in a defeatist position, reflecting how life has defeated him. Ritas tone, when addressing Frank must be confident, and she should make much more eye  contact with him then before. Franks tone when he speaks should be much vaguer and less direct to convey his uncertainty to the audience. The passage of time could be marked in a number of ways. Changes in the characters and the set should show time passing clearly, as done in the film of Educating Rita. Firstly, an obvious way could be having a calendar on the back wall with the months changing as the play progresses. However, more subtle changes would reflect time passing just as well, and the subtler they are, the climax of them by the end of the play should surprise the audience by how gradual they have been, and indicate that it has taken a while for them to occur. Gradual changes in the set would probably reflect the time passing most effectively. The way it degenerates slowly should reflect how Franks degeneration happens over time. The office should slowly begin to become messier, with more papers scattered around, etc, but it should be gradual so that the audience are surprised when by Act One, Scene Five they realise just how dilapidated the set is. Also, when Frank is listening to his radio in some of the scenes, the broadcast could be about weather for example, and how it is changing as the seasons do. This could also indicate how time is passing as the seasons move on. Gradual changes in the characters way of dressing also should indicate how they are slowly developing and that it is taking time, and the clothes the characters wear could start off being light, summer wear, then gradually become more suitable for winter, then gradually become more summery again, also reflecting a change in seasons In conclusion, Educating Rita is a play that explores complex issues through a variety of themes using characters to develop them. The interesting characterisation means that this is not an abstract piece, and through the characters interaction the audience are captivated by their development. This makes the themes shown through them, come alive. By the end of the play we have an understanding of both characters point of view, and our sympathies lie with both characters. We can see why Frank was desperate for Rita to remain unique, but it is clear why she feels education is what she needed to uplift her. The way that neither character is depicted  as the right or wrong one show that the issues involved with both are not straightforward, and that their is not a simple answer to the questions raised by the themes which include education and class. The staging of the play if well done should add to the richness of the audiences experience, and help to show what effect the experiences have had upon each character and how they are changed by them.

Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) System Development

Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) System Development Abstract In this proposal, I would like to investigate is the shopping system work for the visually impaired person. For the methodology part, my research is separate in two main parts. In the first part, I will interview with the supermarket customers to gain a basic understanding of the opinion to build a shopping system work for the visually impaired person. In the second part is about the product, the process is the supermarket got the RFID system in the future, then visually impaired person have the watch to receive the RFID that let them to know where they are and also the information of the product they want. My system will also want to understand the specific difficulties and troubles that the visually impaired person may happen and their needs with the super market shopping system. I begin by evaluating the impact of supermarket and the visually impaired person. I will show the system which for the super market to use, then examine the results of a survey of super market customer with their opinion about install a system for the visually impaired person to use in the supermarket. Moreover, there will include the budget of this system. Problem Hong Kong already positively developed the science and technology from the mid-90s, but in 1999, the financial secretary Donald Tsang Yam-Kuen, proposed that Hong Kong must develop high-tech massively, innovates positively the science and technology, except for is facing the bubble economy effect Hong Kong economy, develops an outlet, hoped that uses Hong Kongs superiority, makes Hong Kong to develop Asias scientific research key position. The intrinsic condition first is talented person: Hong Kong would like to create the value, the development science and technology, what most essential is the talented person, Hong Kong as a result of the place and the history cultural context superiority, can attraction large quantities of people with professional skills, Carried out the popularization education positively after for many years, Hong Kong persons educational level is promoting unceasingly. The local each institutions of higher education launchs curriculum, like the mechanical engineering, the electronic engineering, biotechnology and the information science and technology, can train thousands of technical people with professional skills every year for Hong Kong. In office person Shi the aspect, the government encourages the industry to pay great attention to cultivate the talented person, provides the large taxes and levies width to reduce for this reason, and through new technology training plan, to recommend for admission to school the repairing study new science and technology the company to provide the financial support. Special zone government for raise local working population innovation ability, in 99 years report on government administration proposed that in the elementary education stage carrying out comprehensive education, cultivate the student the innovative idea and creation ability. The student besides the study basic academic knowledge and the technological means that can also grasp the thought that the analysis and the communication skill, as well as has the essential skill, will enable can derive the new knowledge in the future and adapt the new thing, drove that the student will enrich himself unceasingly, will make every effort to progress. Infrastructure: As early as in the early 90s, Hong Kong invested a hundred million seven thousands of US dollar establishment Pan-Asian fiber optics system, connected North America, European, Australian and Asian each region, but Hong Kong was also the global first development interaction television and the high speed transmission network area. These infrastructure overcomes the good foundation for Hong Kong development information science and technology. Fund: Develops the new science and technology to need the huge fund, but Hong Kong takes the internatio nal financial center, can buy from all over the world the capital in the port investment. Except for this, the local enterprise recent years also started to invest the high tech industry, if positively developed the telecommunication business with the yellow group, but Hong Kong telecommunication also invested hundred hundred million development Internet service. Government policy: The government recent years started to take the high tech service, developed the high tech for Hong Kong to make the good environment. But in the promotion industrial technology horizontal aspect, the government has established the industry science and technology center and the industry and the technological progress bureau in the 90s, also through industry bureau and productive forces promotion bureau assistance manufacturing industry lift technique level. Scientific research: Hong Kong each universities, colleges and institutes for many years in the scientific research have made many progresses, success ively in the Internet technology, biotechnology, environmental protection and the electronic currency and so on researches and develops the leading whole world variously the technology, but these achievements in scientific research develop the tech industry strongest backing. Intrinsic demand employment question: The technical education also simultaneously brings the people with professional skills surplus question. Because Hong Kong development sciences and technologys step is too slow, the labor market simply cannot buy in the people with professional skills completely, causes question which the unemployment and the capable person flow out. Therefore, develops the high tech to Hong Kong is urgent. Industry reforming: Taiwan, Singapore and South Korea as early as started in the 70s by crowded to transfer gradually the industry by the work the capital, the technology are crowded, and achieved the arrogant person achievement. Reviewed Hong Kong to fall behind many in this aspect, until now still outside moved reduces the cost the way survival. Must seize Asia industrial center again the status, we must develop the high tech, assists industry reforming. Multiplication: Now Hong Kongs economic structure too emphatically trade and financial service industry, both Canada occupies local total output value over 40%, but not the balanced development brings the enormous concealed worry like this for Hong Kong. Develops the high tech to be possible to strengthen the manufacturing industry the proportion, realizes the economical multiplication. External factor Twenty one century by Yu Wei will be knowledge and the technical century, technological progress successful or not plays to a national or the local competitive power the decisive role, now many countries already forestall to start. The history tells us, Hong Kong each time peak is leads by the external factor, therefore, if we cannot seize tighten this opportunity, catches up with develops the high tech last bus, we will certainly to degenerate into twenty one century loser. Feasible pattern. The high techs itself can the independence by an industry form development. Hong Kong has the splendid infrastructure, a knowledge and the foresight capable person, the huge fund and craves in the new thing quality is to develops the high tech industry ideal place. Taiwans Hsinchu science park and USs Silicon Valley, is the high tech industry independent survival, but can lead the economic development the successful example on the other hand, the high tech may also assist Hong Kong each profession lift technique and strengthen the productive forces, and raises the working efficiency, reaches to decreases the cost the benefit. The shipping industry may introduce the computerization management, raises the cargo handling efficiency; The clothing industry may use the computer establishment ready-made clothing design model and raw material database, manages the production and the warehouse; The electronic manufacturing industry may buy the new machine, by formerly made the OEM low-order e lectronic part evolution to independently to design and the production higher order electronic products; The revertex and the toy business may also introduce the computer aided design and produce (CAD/CAM), improvement product innate nature. In summary, Hong Kongs high tech development road to should be the opening independent high tech industry, in addition by vanguard technology transformation existing profession, to technology-intensive direction adjustment. This kind two legs walk the development model, will bring the biggest benefit for Hong Kong. In summary, Hong Kong has develops high tech all essential conditions, but the high tech can also lead the whole economic development, therefore, developed the high tech absolutely is the most suitable road to approach to Hong Kong. We can see that Hong Kong is becoming a high level technology city, all things around us are become digital and high quality. We will think that every single people in Hong Kong can enjoy the benefit of it. How what we cannot see is there still have some group of people in the society that still have life uncomfortable. The visually impaired people in Hong Kong are difficult to shopping in the super market which I think high technology can help them to improve their daily life. Our government have say before that we need to developed the science and technology, so why we dont do it today? The World Health Organization announces, the world approximately has 45,000,000 visually impaired people, the including 90% visually impaired person, are in the developing country. The world regards the barrier patient to reach 1.35 hundred million people, visually impaired persons world, has analogized has been the dark world. In the dark world, how should fit to the fact world? How to survive? This is the discerning person is unable to realize. since 1960, European and American various countries have started to impel to let of physical disabilities the positively and other motion barrier can like the common normal person use each kind of building, the facility, the activity venue as well as the transportation vehicle and so on. This kind the movement which causes the disabled persons to pass unimpeded, is called the non-barrier movement Importance of the Barrier-free design. Enhances regards bonds the public figure to live the innate nature an important condition is penetrates the improvement public place the channel facility, enables them to walk independently, has a greater degree-of-freedom to participate in the community moving, integrates the society easily and establishes the society which together with the disabled people more harmonious altogether melts. Need of for the coordination social development, promotes the Barrier-free design facility unceasingly, the promotion regards bonds opportunity of the public figure equality participation social activity, lets them share in the information, transportation, path, building and other aspects similarly with the average person the public utility, realizes the government to propose that the society altogether melts without the barrier idea. Most of the visually impaired person may have problem for their daily life, such as choose the product and go to pay the money. We can see there are lots of different facilities to help them solve the daily life problem. For example, the tactile map the tactile guide path and the audio description, which I think is useful tools. But we cannot find those useful facilities in the supermarket. What I can do is create a supermarket system for the visually impaired person to use, to make them feel more convenient during shopping in the supermarket. A system for guiding the visually impaired person including the watch with receive RFID system function and the earphones is a sound generator, to guide the visually impaired person what goods they are watching for and how much is the prices. In 22nd century, people will use the entire high technique product to let their life become convenient, so as the visually impaired person. We can expect shopping system will become very useful for them in the future. Aim My aim is to provide a high technique system to let the visually impaired person use in the supermarket. They can simply wear a watch which with receive RFID system function and the earphones to explore the bar code and they just listen to the voice, then they will know what kinds of food that they are searching for. Visually impaired persons as society in special groups, needs the society to give them more concerns and the attendance, enables them a better independent life. How to walk safely with the purchase life needs is the visually impaired person the most major problem of their lives, According to the past visually impaired product advantages and disadvantages and the visually impaired person personal request and need, I has designed a set of more perfect supermarket visually impaired person guidance system. On the super market, I can sees the visually impaired is hard to decide where should they go and about the product information. They always need to ask for help and that I thing will waste their time very much; I fell so uncomfortable with their situation. If there has set of functions perfectly to lead the visually impaired system to have well. Therefore, I start to collect the material, bustles about for my system. After the material collection, I found that Hong Kong has 120,000 visually impaired people, includes the hemianopia. The visually impaired person always does the things for independence in their life, they made the basic independence depending on their strength, but there still have the things that they cannot do and aspect. After understanding partial visually impaired people, I understanding to the visually impaired person in the journey and the life difficulty, I has obtained them certain subject matters which faces in the daily life: They live in a dark world, walked cannot find the concrete position and they are hard to find out the things that they want. Thats why I want to provide the super market system for them to use. To achieve the aims, I will focus on the relationship between shopping system and the coding system which supermarket provide .The following are some hypotheses that I would like to investigate in this research. H1 Most of visually impaired person are not easy to shopping in the supermarket. H2 Most of the visually impaired person need the shopping system. H3 shopping system for the visually impaired person is work and gain profit. H4 Provide the high quality and good user interface shopping system instrument. H1, H2 and H3 investigate the socio-economic (marco) aspects of shopping system. In order to research H1, I will research the visually impaired person in Hong Kong and other country such as US, China.etc . H2 Reveals most of the visually impaired person need a tools to help them to shopping themselves. H3 I need to sure that this system can get the profit because that the main objective that a business plan come from. H4 Provide the high quality and f good user interface shopping system instrument to make sure that visually impaired person people can enjoy their shopping, they can get a joyful lifestyle. Background PARKnSHOP As my target is install the system for visually impaired person to use in PARKnSHOP. I will give a short descript for PARKnSHOP first, they are the local supermarket store, they are one of the largest supermarket in Hong Kong. They aim to give customers the highest quality product and outstanding value for money, they also provide many fresh foods for customers to choose, and they will give the most reasonable price of the product to the customers. PARKnSHOP was start at 1973 by Hutchison Whampoa, they have more than 200 stores already over Hong Kong and Macau these two places, which is a big chain with 9000 employees and achieve themselves to their commitment with innovation and provide good quality of service to the customers. They are a member of Watsons from Hutchison Whampoa Limited. The famous service of PARKnSHOP is the Fresh Check and Price Watch two programmes. Fresh Check promise that their will give the most good levels of food safety to their customers and it is at the be st value in town. Price Watch will set the price near standard of Hong Kong retailing and similar shops setting price. If the customers find that their Price Watch products price is higher than others store that they will give back the gift to customers which make the customers feel more confident. To show their responsibility of the product price setting. PARKnSHOPs have more than 50 Superstores in Hong Kong. They start the first Superstore in Hong Kong in 1996. Superstore concept has transformed the mind of Hong Kong people think about the supermarket shopping store. They give a new concept of supermarket for the customer that they are not like the traditional supermarket store. Giving their customers the most lots of selection with their store items in Hong Kong, provide lots of food such as fish, vegetables, sushi, snack and the rice. They also provide all the life necessary product, for example blanket, dish and the bowl. The larger PARKnSHOPs superstores will provide clothes, bed, imported cosmetics, and bath accessories, a DIY section, lots of general household products to the customers.They also have the first PARKnSHOP Megastore start in 2002, it with a floor space of 6 700 metre square which is a very big area in Hong Kong. Visually impaired person According to the Social data collected via the General Household Survey in 2008. There are currently 122, 600 legally visually impaired person in Hong Kong. Visually impaired person is a persons whos with eyes seeing difficulty and those who had been appraise as being visually impaired person, sometimes visually impaired person may just have the low vision under the professional checks or define they will have a long-term seeing difficulty with one eye or both eyes whether they are with or without wearing any correcting glasses lenses. They living in the Hong Kong who face daily obstacles with routine tasks, especially in regards to their experiences within supermarkets and stores. Developing assistive technologies and handheld devices allows for the possibility of increasing independence for those who have low vision. Currently, many grocery stores treat those that are visually impaired person as high cost customers, and dramatically undersell to this market, ignore to take their needs into consideration. The use of computational vision can be advantageous in helping these visually impaired person customers, as restrictions such as the limited ability of guide dogs, frequently changing store layouts, and existing resources do not allow for a completely independent shopping experience. Using technologies such as object recognition, sign reading, and text-to-speech notification could allow for a greater autonomous solution to the growing problem. Total visually impaired is visual light sense and complete lack of form; it is clinically recorded as no light sense. Visually impaired is frequently used to describe severe visual impaired with surplus mision. Those kind of described is show that the visually impaired person having only light sense or have no more sight than the ability than they can do to tell light from dark area or the general direction that they are of a light source. To decide which people need the special assistance is because of their visual disabilities, governmental guide handbook for define the visually impaired person. In most of country, legal visually impaired person is defined as they can see 20/200 or less far with the better eye and the best correction possible. That means that a legally visually impaired individual would have to stand 20 feet from an object to see it with best correction possible and also the same degree of clear as a normally sighted person could from 200 feet. In many areas, people with average acuity of less than 20 degrees are also classified as being legally visually impaired. About ten percent of those deemed legally visually impaired, by any measure, have no vision. The rest have some vision, from light sense to relatively good acuity. The ten revision of the World Health Organization International Statistical Classification of Diseases,have say that low visionis defined as visual sense of less than 6/18, but e qual to or better than 3/60, or corresponding visual field loss to less than 20 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction. Visually impairednessis defined as visual acuity of less than 3/60, or corresponding visual field loss to less than 10 degrees, in the better eye with best possible correction. Tactile graphicsare the images use to raise outward to let the visually impaired person can feel them and know about the infoemations. They always use to provide the non-textual information such as maps, graphs, paintings and also the diagrams. The graphics can give the verbal description, sounds for the visually impaired person to read it in their mind and remember it. RFID RFID already the dispersion quietly on our life, very common to saw or heard this noun, Strange did not know that behind it the operation principle and the technology. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Chinese may be called the wireless radio frequency recognition system. Usually is the system which is composed of sensor (Reader) and RFID label (Tag), its operations principle uses the sensor launch radio wave, touches in the induction scope the RFID label, and produces the electric current because of the electromagnetic induction, supplies on the RFID labels chip to operate and to send out the electromagnetic wave response sensor. Actuates the energy origin difference, the RFID label to be possible to divide into the driving type and the passive form two kinds: The passive form label itself does not have batterys installment, needs the electric current to depend entirely on the sensor the radio wave electromagnetic induction production, therefore only will then be receiving the signal which the sensor will send out only then the passive response sensor; But the driving-type label built-in has the battery, may transmit the signal to supply the sensor read on own initiative, the signal transmission scope relative to be also broader than the passive form. Actually RFID already has in our daily life environment, will drive on the highway not to need to stop the vehicle to give ETC which the coupon ticket will use the prepaid card, will go 7-11 to buy a drink to use VISA WAVE the credit card, on the beloved pet body will implant the pet chip, in the store or the library security chip, will get in the home to open MiFare which the front door entrance guard will use the chip card, these will be the RFID practical applications. The RFID characteristic especially qualify uses for to take the person or goods on circuit control tracing and the recognition. Therefore RFID widespread application in entrance guard control, flow control as well as aspects and so on electronic ticket. In addition RFID has formulated the global unified ISO standard, simultaneously favors the opportunity which RFID brings, had many manufacturer investment related industry research and development, in recent years in domestic and foreign promotes many and the RFID re lated application for example: The global biggest chain-like circuit discusses Wal-Mart to request its first 100 big upstream supplier installs the RFID label on the goods packing or the stack board, with the aim of tracing the goods on supply chain immediate information, may reduce the cost and enhance the product information the transparency; The domestic Yulong automobile the RFID technology application in the car care service flow control, the vehicle owner may grasp clearly in the restroom loves the vehicle immediate processing situation and the progress; Three always use in RFID patients recognition, avoids giving the medicine to be wrong, the large enhancement prepares the medicine with to give the medicine the accuracy. In electronic ticket application aspect, because the RFID label built-in memory may deposit the related recognition material, in addition encrypts the mechanism then records the ticket tickets content security in the electronic chip, therefore may widely apply in the jot expends, in order to avoid eliminates pays in cash gives change or the credit card signature and so on is troublesome. Like 2006 FIFA World Cup Soccer the Organizing unit and Phillips Corporation cooperates, discards the traditional admission ticket, changes picks the RFID chip card, this act, besides enables the fan to confirm the admission fast, this RFID electron admission ticket may also use for to pay in the field expenses and so on other like parking, dining; The MiFare chip but in domestic, in the majority of Taibei manpower has the long travel card which uses is also one kind of RFID card. Besides may use for to build DORTS, the public vehicle, the cat cable and pays the parking fee, in the technology should be possible to use in other lives the jot expense. Limited to the domestic financial law, the long travel card can only use in the transportation enterprise, has not been able to carry on the service which the jot expends; But last year the domestic four banks and the Taibei Wisdom Card Ticket Company signed a treaty the release long travel jointly card, and unified VISA which the VISA International organization promoted the WAVE function, enabled the cardholder besides to be possible to travel by the populace transportation system, might also use in facilitating the ultra business to expend, brings more conveniences the services. Does obeisance bestowing of the technical, RFID lets the life be more convenient, be safer, as soon as the imagination gets down the supermarket to buy a vehicles commodity, as soon as so long as the shopping cart passes through the sensor shopping detailed list, the bill produces immediately, does not need to line up and so on sales clerks 11 to inspect a nd verify paying up now likely; Also one gets in the home, all around the temperature, the light and the electrical appliances turn the hypothesis which immediately you like, west does not need to look looks for the remote control and the switch; When familys refrigerator food drink not enough, the automatic under order form dwelling will match the government office, will not need to turn on the refrigerator to discover that most liked being possible not to have happily, this will really be the convenient future, moreover this already was not in the future far. RFID Receiver The receiver of RFID is provide by Maxells, their new RFID system is comprised of an advanced RFID reader and RFID chip that is customized for individual applications. It allows information to be wirelessly transferred from a tag to a reader to enhance the ability of companies to track individual items. Manufacturer Welcat Product Outlook Corresponding specification ISO/IEC15693 frequency band 13.56MHz Maximum communication distance 50 Kilometer Available RFID 1-CODE, my-d, Infineon technologies, Tag-it Outputs/into the interface RS232C Slaving voltage +3.3V~ +5V Consumption electric power 750 mW (when connect) Critical review of relevant literature Description of the system In the system, there include four main products Tactile Supermarket Layout Map, server, RFID system and also the watch for the visually impaired person to use. The first one Tactile Supermarket Layout Map is installed at the supermarket main entrance. That can make the user easy to find it out as they come to the supermarket and use the map without position problem. Tactile map is important tool to finding help for people with visual impaired. To use a map more effectively, it is essential to know ones own position on the map. For a person with visual impaired this usually means identifying a location of distinctive landmarks in the environment, if this location is located on the map it will provide the basis information for making a decision about their own position. Moreover, the map will provide the date for the visual impaired person such as the supermarket instantaneously best prices choose and also the new arrival product. They can search the product basic on the type or the b rand name of the product, which will provide all the Chinese or English two languages for user choose to make it more use effectively. Maybe they will not know about how to use the map, so the map will also provide a HELP function which the staff will come immediately and solve he/shes problem. The system will also provide the audible device allow the speech function which just likes a mobile phone. Every supermarket will have their own system to provide the cost and information of the product. Nowadays, they will use the traditional method to show the cost to the customers, they show the price and the name of the product on the paper then press it in front of the product. I can see a few times that the customers complain with the system price is not match with the show price. That happen will make the customer feel angry and inconvenient. Some time they will choose another product to buy, but in the worse case, they will get complain with the supermarket fraud with their trust. In the future, we should use the LCD monitor to display the price and the product information which will make the process of change the price make more convenient and reduce the use of paper. In the future, supermarket will use the RFID which is the use of an object applied to or incorporated into a product for the purpose of identification and tracking using radio waves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. There will have a server to save all of the date for price and information of the product, no need the super storage device, just simplify a computer can make it happen. The date will send to the Tactile Supermarket Layout Map to provide the date of the product. Visually impaired person use the watch, inside the watch their have the receive RFID receiver to receives the date of RFID and they can listen to the price and the information such as expire day, nutrition information and the brand name of the product with their earphone. The RFID plan may body making to order He said that the RFID product divides into the initiative radio frequency and the passive radio frequency two broad heading ? initiative radio frequencies is the label built-in battery, sends out the electric wave to arrive at the microreader on own initiative, lets the sensor read material. The passive radio frequency is in the label does not have the battery, instead sends out the electric wave by the microreader, shoots on the label to bounce the reclamation information. Because the passive radio frequencys label compares the thin body, therefore applies generally at the retail trade, for example this companys label uses in the jewelry profession. As soon as so long as the customer takes up the jewelry, the staff member then available microreader read pastes on jewelrys label, immediately tells the product material and the selling price the customer. He pointed out that the passive radio frequency label price may be very cheap, for example a time has bought 5000, each selling price may lower to 0.5 Yuan. Besides jewelry industry, passive radio frequency label also widespread applicatio